60
10
COMPONENTS
The cylinder block houses the piston, crankshaft, and along with the cylinder cover all the internal components.
The block is a one piece diecast aluminum alloy cylinder casting which may have a cast iron liner (diag. 10).
The piston transmits the force of the burning and expanding gases through the connecting rod to the crankshaft.
The piston rings provide the seal between the cylinder wall and the piston. The rings keep the combustion
pressures from entering the crankcase and also wipe the oil off the cylinder wall and return it to the sump.
The connecting rod assembly is the link between the piston (piston pin) and the crankshaft.
The cylinder head is a one piece aluminum alloy casting that is bolted to the top of the cylinder block. The
overhead design contains all of the valve train except for the camshaft, lifters, and push rods.
The crankshaft converts the up and down piston movement to the rotational force (torque) by an offset crankpin
or rod journal.
The camshaft lobes push the lifters at the proper time to allow air and fuel in and exhaust out of the cylinder.
Teeth on the camshaft gear time the camshaft to the crankshaft.
The valves allow air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder and exhaust gases to exit. The valves provide a positive
seal when closed.
The valve springs return the valves to the closed position and must be strong enough to maintain valve lifter
and cam lobe contact. The valve retainers lock the spring to the valve stem.
The valve lifters maintain contact on the camshaft, move the push rods to pivot the rocker arms and move
the valves.
The crankcase breather is a one way check valve that allows air out and prevents air from coming in. It allows
the engine to develop a partial vacuum in the crankcase during operation.
The cylinder cover provides the bearing surface for the power take off (P.T.O.) end of the crankshaft and
camshaft. This bolted on cover is removed to provide access to all internal components.
The oil pump (vertical shaft only) consists of a steel plunger and a nylon or aluminum housing that rides an
offset on the camshaft. The rotary pump consists of a lobed gear in a rotating ring that is driven by the camshaft.
The flywheel provides the mass to smooth the effects of one power stroke every other crankshaft revolution.
Flywheels are made of aluminum alloy or cast iron. The flywheel fins act as a fan to cool the engine.
FLYWHEEL
VALVES
CRANKSHAFT
LIFTERS
CAMSHAFT
PUSHRODS
PUSH ROD
GUIDE PLATE
CRANKCASE BREATHER
OIL SEAL
REMOVED
SNAP RING
SHAFT
ROTOR
ROTARY PUMP
RING
CHAMPFER UP
TOWARD CAM
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